Hydrogen Fuel Cells

Hydrogen fuel cells are devices that convert the chemical energy of hydrogen into electrical energy through a chemical reaction with oxygen. In a hydrogen fuel cell, hydrogen gas (H2) and oxygen (O2) are supplied to the anode and cathode respectively. At the anode, hydrogen molecules are split into protons and electrons. The protons pass through a membrane to the cathode while the electrons flow through an external circuit, generating electricity. At the cathode, the protons, electrons, and oxygen combine to form water and heat as byproducts.

Hydrogen fuel cells are known for their high efficiency and low environmental impact, producing only water vapor as a byproduct when hydrogen is used effectively. They are utilized in various applications, such as in vehicles, stationary power generation, and portable energy systems. The main advantages include quick refueling times and the ability to produce energy without emitting greenhouse gases. However, challenges such as hydrogen production, storage, and infrastructure development must be addressed to fully harness their potential.